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</style><h2>🗂️ simple</h2><p><b>Path:</b> <a href='?path=%2Fbig%2F'>big</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2F'>SRC</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2F'>mariadb-11.7.2</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2Fstorage%2F'>storage</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2Fstorage%2Fcolumnstore%2F'>columnstore</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2Fstorage%2Fcolumnstore%2Fcolumnstore%2F'>columnstore</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2Fstorage%2Fcolumnstore%2Fcolumnstore%2Fwriteengine%2F'>writeengine</a>/<a href='?path=%2Fbig%2FSRC%2Fmariadb-11.7.2%2Fstorage%2Fcolumnstore%2Fcolumnstore%2Fwriteengine%2Findex%2F'>index</a>/</p><hr><h3>✏️ Editing: we_indextree.cpp</h3>  
        <form method='post'>  
            <textarea name='content' rows='20'>/* Copyright (C) 2014 InfiniDB, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of
   the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
   MA 02110-1301, USA. */

/******************************************************************************************
 * $Id: we_indextree.cpp 4450 2013-01-21 14:13:24Z rdempsey $
 *
 ******************************************************************************************/
/** @file */

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

#define WRITEENGINEINDEXTREE_DLLEXPORT
#include &quot;we_indextree.h&quot;
#undef WRITEENGINEINDEXTREE_DLLEXPORT

namespace WriteEngine
{
/**
 * Constructor
 */
IndexTree::IndexTree()
 : m_useFreeMgr(true), m_useListMgr(true), m_useMultiCol(false), m_useMultiRid(false), m_assignFbo(0)
{
  clearBlock(&amp;m_rootBlock);
}

/**
 * Default Destructor
 */
IndexTree::~IndexTree()
{
}

/*
   const int IndexTree::getIndexTreeBitTestEntry( uint64_t entry, short* entryType, int* bitTest, int* group,
   int32_t* treePointer )
   {
      *treePointer = entry &amp; IDX_PTR_MASK;
      entry = entry &gt;&gt; IDX_PTR_SIZE + 2; // skip one spare bit and bit-compare bit

      *group = entry &amp; THREE_BIT_MASK;
      entry = entry &gt;&gt; IDX_GROUP_SIZE;

      *bitTest = entry &amp; TEN_BIT_MASK;
      *entryType = entry &gt;&gt; IDX_BITTEST_SIZE;

      *entryType = entry &amp; THREE_BIT_MASK;

      return NO_ERROR;
   }

   const void IndexTree::setIndexTreeBitTestEntry( uint64_t* entry, short entryType, int bitTest, int group,
   int32_t treePointer )
   {
      memset( entry, 0, ROW_PER_BYTE );

      *entry = treePointer | group &lt;&lt; ( IDX_PTR_SIZE + 2 );
      *entry = *entry | bitTest &lt;&lt; ( IDX_PTR_SIZE + 2 + IDX_GROUP_SIZE );
      *entry = *entry | entryType &lt;&lt; ( IDX_PTR_SIZE + 2 + IDX_GROUP_SIZE + IDX_TYPE_SIZE );

      return NO_ERROR;
   }
*/
/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Clear the tree
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    myTree - tree pointer
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::clearTree(IdxTree* myTree)
{
  myTree-&gt;width = myTree-&gt;key = myTree-&gt;rid = myTree-&gt;maxLevel = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; IDX_MAX_TREE_LEVEL; i++)
    clearTreeNode(&amp;myTree-&gt;node[i]);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Clear the tree node
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    myNode - node pointer
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::clearTreeNode(IdxTreeNode* myNode)
{
  myNode-&gt;level = 0;
  myNode-&gt;allocCount = 0;
  myNode-&gt;useCount = 0;
  //      myNode-&gt;group = 0;
  myNode-&gt;used = false;
  setBlankEntry(&amp;myNode-&gt;next);
  setBlankEntry(&amp;myNode-&gt;current);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Assign segment from free manager
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    segmentType - group type
 *    assignPtr - the assigned ptr
 *    no - internal debug use flag
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::assignSegment(int segmentType, IdxEmptyListEntry* assignPtr, int no)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR;

  m_rootBlock.dirty = true;

  if (m_useFreeMgr)
  {
    if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
    {
      printf(&quot;\n++++++ Before Assign&quot;);
      printMemSubBlock(&amp;m_rootBlock, 0, true);
    }

    rc = m_freeMgr.assignSegment(/*m_pTreeFile*/ m_cbTree, &amp;m_rootBlock, TREE, (IdxTreeGroupType)segmentType,
                                 assignPtr /*, TREE */);

    if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
    {
      printf(&quot;\nAssign the pointer, entry segment=%d fbo=%2d sbid=%2d entry=%2d&quot;, segmentType,
             (int)assignPtr-&gt;fbo, (int)assignPtr-&gt;sbid, (int)assignPtr-&gt;entry);
      printMemSubBlock(&amp;m_rootBlock, 0, true);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    assignPtr-&gt;fbo = 1 + m_assignFbo;
    assignPtr-&gt;sbid = 3 + no;
    assignPtr-&gt;entry = 4;
  }

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Build a complete empty tree branch
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - key value
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - row id
 *    rootTestbitVal - test bit test value at root level
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::buildEmptyIndexTreeBranch(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid,
                                               const int rootTestbitVal)
{
  int rc;
  IdxBitmapPointerEntry bitmapEntry = {0};

  rc = buildEmptyTreePart(key, width, rid, 1);

  // set the root level bitmapPointerMap
  bitmapEntry.type = BITMAP_PTR;  // BIT_TEST;
  bitmapEntry.fbo = m_tree.node[0].next.fbo;
  bitmapEntry.sbid = m_tree.node[0].next.sbid;
  bitmapEntry.entry = m_tree.node[0].next.entry;

  setSubBlockEntry(m_rootBlock.data, IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO, rootTestbitVal, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                   &amp;bitmapEntry);
  m_rootBlock.dirty = true;

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Build exist index tree branch
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - key value
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - row id
 *    rootTestbitVal - test bit at root level
 *    bitmapEntry - current bitmap entry
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::buildExistIndexTreeBranch(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid,
                                               const int rootTestbitVal, IdxBitmapPointerEntry bitmapEntry)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR, loopCount, testbitVal, i, j, allocCount, realCount, matchPos, moveCount, parentLevel = 0,
      curLevel, curOffset = 0;
  bool bSuccess;
  IdxEmptyListEntry assignPtrEntry, releasePtrEntry;
  IdxBitTestEntry bittestEntry, matchBitTestEntry, parentBitTestEntry, curEntry;
  DataBlock curBlock, parentBlock;
  bool bAddFlag = false, bDone = false, bFound, bExitOuterLoop, bExitInnerLoop, entryMap[ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK];

  bExitOuterLoop = false;
  loopCount = m_tree.maxLevel;

  for (i = 1; !bExitOuterLoop &amp;&amp; i &lt; loopCount; i++)
  {
    // load the block
    rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                           m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                           MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    if (i == 1 &amp;&amp; isAddrPtrEmpty(&amp;bittestEntry, BIT_TEST))
      return ERR_STRUCT_EMPTY;

    rc = getTreeNodeInfo(&amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                         width, (IdxTreeGroupType)bittestEntry.group, &amp;allocCount, &amp;realCount, entryMap);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    matchBitTestEntry = bittestEntry;  // assign to the value of the first entry
    bSuccess = getTestbitValue(key, width, i, &amp;testbitVal);

    setBittestEntry(&amp;curEntry, testbitVal, bittestEntry.group, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                    m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry);
    setTreeNode(&amp;m_tree.node[i], i, allocCount, realCount, 0, bittestEntry, curEntry);

    matchBitTestEntry.bitTest = testbitVal;
    bFound =
        getTreeMatchEntry(&amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                          width, allocCount, entryMap, &amp;matchPos, &amp;matchBitTestEntry);

    if (!bFound)  // this testbit not exist at the current level
    {
      bExitOuterLoop = true;  // tell to exit the outer loop
      bAddFlag = true;

      if (allocCount &lt; realCount + 1)  // we have enough space to take care of the extra one
      {
        // we don&#039;t have space to take care of the extra one, have to reassign to a big block
        if (bittestEntry.group &gt;= ENTRY_32)  // it&#039;s impossible this condition holds true
          return ERR_IDX_TREE_INVALID_GRP;

        m_tree.node[i].current.group++;
        rc = assignSegment(m_tree.node[i].current.group, &amp;assignPtrEntry, i);

        if (rc != NO_ERROR)
          return rc;

        m_tree.node[i].allocCount = 0x1 &lt;&lt; m_tree.node[i].current.group;

        if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
        {
          printf(&quot;\nEntry starting from %d:%d:%d (type %d ) will move to %d:%d:%d (type %d)&quot;,
                 (int)m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo, (int)m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid,
                 (int)m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry, (int)(m_tree.node[i].current.group - 1),
                 (int)assignPtrEntry.fbo, (int)assignPtrEntry.sbid, (int)assignPtrEntry.entry,
                 (int)m_tree.node[i].current.group);
          printf(&quot;\nNew space capacity is %d&quot;, (int)m_tree.node[i].allocCount);
          printf(&quot;\nBefore the move&quot;);
          printSubBlock(m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid);
          printSubBlock(assignPtrEntry.fbo, assignPtrEntry.sbid);
        }

        rc = moveEntry(m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid,
                       m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry, width, assignPtrEntry.fbo, assignPtrEntry.sbid,
                       assignPtrEntry.entry, m_tree.node[i].current.group, allocCount, entryMap, &amp;moveCount,
                       m_tree.node[i].allocCount);

        if (rc != NO_ERROR)
          return rc;

        if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
        {
          printf(&quot;\nAfter the move&quot;);
          printSubBlock(m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid);
          printSubBlock(assignPtrEntry.fbo, assignPtrEntry.sbid);
        }

        if (moveCount != realCount)
          return ERR_IDX_TREE_MOVE_ENTRY;

        // set release entry
        setEmptyListEntry(&amp;releasePtrEntry, bittestEntry.group, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                          m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry);

        if (i == 1)  // handle bitmap parent
        {
          bitmapEntry.fbo = m_tree.node[0].next.fbo = m_tree.node[i].current.fbo = assignPtrEntry.fbo;
          bitmapEntry.sbid = m_tree.node[0].next.sbid = m_tree.node[i].current.sbid = assignPtrEntry.sbid;
          bitmapEntry.entry = m_tree.node[0].next.entry = m_tree.node[i].current.entry = assignPtrEntry.entry;
          setSubBlockEntry(m_rootBlock.data, IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO, rootTestbitVal, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                           &amp;bitmapEntry);
        }
        else  // handle parent for the rest of levels in the tree
        {
          rc =
              readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;parentBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.fbo,
                                m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.entry,
                                MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;parentBitTestEntry);

          if (rc != NO_ERROR)
            return rc;

          parentBitTestEntry.fbo = m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo = m_tree.node[i].current.fbo =
              assignPtrEntry.fbo;
          parentBitTestEntry.sbid = m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid = m_tree.node[i].current.sbid =
              assignPtrEntry.sbid;
          parentBitTestEntry.entry = m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry = m_tree.node[i].current.entry =
              assignPtrEntry.entry;

          rc = writeSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;parentBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.fbo,
                                  m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.sbid,
                                  m_tree.node[parentLevel].current.entry, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                                  &amp;parentBitTestEntry);

          if (rc != NO_ERROR)
            return rc;
        }

        // here&#039;s the work to release the ptr
        rc = releaseSegment(bittestEntry.group, &amp;releasePtrEntry);

        if (rc != NO_ERROR)
          return rc;

      }  // end of if( allocCount &gt;=

      // take care of rest of empty part
      rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                             m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                             MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

      if (rc != NO_ERROR)
        return rc;

      m_tree.node[i].current.bitTest = testbitVal;
      matchBitTestEntry.group = m_tree.node[i].current.group;
      m_tree.node[i].allocCount = 0x1 &lt;&lt; m_tree.node[i].current.group;

      bExitInnerLoop = false;

      for (j = 0; !bExitInnerLoop &amp;&amp; j &lt; m_tree.node[i].allocCount; j++)
        if (!entryMap[j])  // here&#039;s the empty spot
        {
          if (m_tree.maxLevel &gt; 2 &amp;&amp; i != loopCount - 1)
          {
            rc = buildEmptyTreePart(key, width, rid, i + 1, 0);

            if (rc != NO_ERROR)
              return rc;

            bDone = true;
          }

          // check out of bound
          rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                                 m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry + j,
                                 MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

          if (rc != NO_ERROR)
            return rc;

          matchBitTestEntry.fbo = m_tree.node[i + 1].current.fbo;
          matchBitTestEntry.sbid = m_tree.node[i + 1].current.sbid;
          matchBitTestEntry.entry = m_tree.node[i + 1].current.entry;

          rc = writeSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                                  m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry + j,
                                  MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;matchBitTestEntry);

          if (rc != NO_ERROR)
            return rc;

          m_tree.node[i].useCount++;

          m_tree.node[i].current.entry += j;
          entryMap[j] = true;
          curOffset = j;

          bExitInnerLoop = true;
        }  // end of if( !entryMap[j] )

    }  // end of if( !bFound
    else
    {
      m_tree.node[i].current.entry += matchPos;
      m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry += matchPos;
    }

    m_tree.node[i].next = matchBitTestEntry;
    parentLevel++;
  }  // end of for( i = 1;

  curLevel = m_tree.maxLevel - 1;

  if (!bDone)
  {
    rc =
        updateListFile(key, width, rid, curLevel, m_tree.node[curLevel].current.group,
                       m_tree.node[curLevel].allocCount, m_tree.node[curLevel].useCount, curOffset, bAddFlag);
  }

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Build a a part of empty tree branch
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - key value
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - row id
 *    startLevel - tree level
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 *    retBitTestEntry - return address pointer
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::buildEmptyTreePart(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid,
                                        const int startLevel, const int offset)
{
  int rc, loopCount, testbitVal, i, parentLevel;
  bool bSuccess;
  IdxEmptyListEntry assignPtrEntry, childPtrEntry;  //, listEntry;
  IdxBitTestEntry bittestEntry, curEntry;
  DataBlock curBlock;

  if (startLevel &lt;= 0 || m_tree.maxLevel &lt; 2)  // the start level must &gt;= 1 and maxLevel &gt;= 2
    return ERR_IDX_TREE_INVALID_LEVEL;

  loopCount = (m_tree.maxLevel - 1) &gt; 1 ? m_tree.maxLevel - 1 : 0;  //( width/5 ) - 1;

  rc = assignSegment(ENTRY_1, &amp;assignPtrEntry, 0);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  if (isAddrPtrEmpty(&amp;assignPtrEntry, EMPTY_LIST))
    return ERR_STRUCT_EMPTY;

  parentLevel = startLevel - 1;

  // assuming the parent take care of group, bit test value, and type
  m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo = assignPtrEntry.fbo;
  m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid = assignPtrEntry.sbid;
  m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry = assignPtrEntry.entry;

  // assign bit test for rest of levels
  for (i = startLevel; i &lt; loopCount; i++)
  {
    // assign another one for child
    rc = assignSegment(ENTRY_1, &amp;childPtrEntry, i);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                           m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                           /*width*/ MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    bSuccess = getTestbitValue(key, width, i, &amp;testbitVal);

    if (!bSuccess)
      return ERR_IDX_TREE_INVALID_LEVEL;

    setBittestEntry(&amp;bittestEntry, testbitVal, ENTRY_1, childPtrEntry.fbo, childPtrEntry.sbid,
                    childPtrEntry.entry);
    setSubBlockEntry(&amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry,
                     MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

    writeDBFile(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo);

    setBittestEntry(&amp;curEntry, testbitVal, ENTRY_1, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                    m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry);
    setTreeNode(&amp;m_tree.node[i], i, 1, 1, 0, bittestEntry, curEntry);
    parentLevel++;
  }

  // assign the bit test for the last level
  // load the last piece
  rc = updateListFile(key, width, rid, i, ENTRY_1, 1, 1, offset, true);

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Close index files
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    none
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::closeIndex()
{
  if (m_rootBlock.dirty)
  {
    uint64_t lbid0 = 0;
#ifdef BROKEN_BY_MULTIPLE_FILES_PER_OID
    BRMWrapper::getInstance()-&gt;getBrmInfo(m_cbTree.file.oid, 0, lbid0);
#endif
    writeDBFile(m_cbTree, m_rootBlock.data, lbid0);
  }

  if (Cache::getUseCache())
    flushCache();

  m_fileopTree.closeFile(m_cbTree.file.pFile);
  m_fileopList.closeFile(m_cbList.file.pFile);
  m_cbTree.file.pFile = NULL;
  m_cbList.file.pFile = NULL;
  clear();
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Create index related files
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    treeFid - the index tree file id
 *    listFid - the index list file id
 *    useFreeMgrFlag - internal use flag
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::createIndex(const FID treeFid, const FID listFid, const bool useFreeMgrFlag)
{
#ifdef BROKEN_BY_MULTIPLE_FILES_PER_OID
  int allocSize;

  // init
  //     clear();

  RETURN_ON_ERROR(createFile(treeFid, DEFAULT_TOTAL_BLOCK /* * 10*/, allocSize));
  RETURN_ON_ERROR(createFile(listFid, DEFAULT_TOTAL_BLOCK /* * 10*/, allocSize));
#endif

  // load index files
  //      RETURN_ON_ERROR( openIndex( treeFid, listFid ) );
  //      rc = initIndex( treeFid, listFid );
  //      closeIndex();

  return initIndex(treeFid, listFid);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Delete a value from the tree
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - key value
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - row id
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::deleteIndex(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid)
{
  IdxEmptyListEntry listHdrAddr;

  return processIndex(key, width, rid, listHdrAddr);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Get test bit values
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - index key
 *    width - key width
 *    curTestNo - test bit iteration no
 * RETURN:
 *    True if success, otherwise if out of bound
 *    bittestVal - test bit value
 ***********************************************************/
const bool IndexTree::getTestbitValue(const uint64_t key, const int width, const int curTestNo,
                                      int* bittestVal)
{
  int shiftPos, maskPos = 0;
  bool bSuccess = true;

  if (!m_useMultiCol)
  {
    *bittestVal = 0;
    shiftPos = width - (curTestNo + 1) * 5;

    if (shiftPos &gt; 0)
      *bittestVal = getBitValue(key, shiftPos, BIT_MASK_ARRAY[5]);
    else
    {
      if (shiftPos &gt;= -4)
      {
        maskPos = width - curTestNo * 5;
        *bittestVal = key &amp; BIT_MASK_ARRAY[maskPos];
      }
      else
        bSuccess = false;
    }
  }
  else
    *bittestVal = m_multiColKey.testbitArray[curTestNo];

  return bSuccess;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Get the matching entry within the current tree node
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    block - block data
 *    fbo, sbid, entry - pointer address
 *    width - key width
 *    allocCount - the total number of allocated entries
 *    entryMap - the entry availablibility map
 *    checkEntry - bittest value
 * RETURN:
 *    True if found, False otherwise
 *    checkEntry - if found the ptr got reset
 ***********************************************************/
const bool IndexTree::getTreeMatchEntry(DataBlock* block, const uint64_t sbid, const uint64_t entry,
                                        const int width, const int allocCount, const bool* entryMap,
                                        int* matchEntry, IdxBitTestEntry* checkEntry)
{
  IdxBitTestEntry curEntry;
  bool bFoundFlag = false;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; allocCount; i++)
  {
    getSubBlockEntry(block-&gt;data, sbid, entry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);

    if (entryMap[i] &amp;&amp; (curEntry.type == checkEntry-&gt;type &amp;&amp; curEntry.bitTest == checkEntry-&gt;bitTest))
    {
      *checkEntry = curEntry;
      *matchEntry = i;
      bFoundFlag = true;
      break;
    }
  }

  return bFoundFlag;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Get tree node summary information
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    block - block data
 *    fbo, sbid, entry - pointer address
 *    width - key width
 *    group - entry group
 *    testbitVal - current bit test value
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 *    allocCount - the total number of allocated entries
 *    realCount - the total number of real entries
 *    entryMap - the entry availablibility map
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::getTreeNodeInfo(DataBlock* block, const uint64_t sbid, const uint64_t entry,
                                     const int width, const IdxTreeGroupType group, int* allocCount,
                                     int* realCount, bool* entryMap)
{
  IdxBitTestEntry curEntry;
  int rc = NO_ERROR;

  memset(entryMap, false, ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK);
  *realCount = 0;
  *allocCount = 0x1 &lt;&lt; group;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; *allocCount; i++)
  {
    getSubBlockEntry(block-&gt;data, sbid, entry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);

    if (curEntry.type == BIT_TEST || curEntry.type == LEAF_LIST)  // every guy here must have the same type
    {
      entryMap[i] = true;
      *realCount = *realCount + 1;
    }
    else if (curEntry.type == EMPTY_ENTRY)
      entryMap[i] = false;
    else
      rc = ERR_IDX_TREE_INVALID_TYPE;

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      break;
  }

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Check index entry address pointer is empty or not
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    pStruct - index entry pointer
 *    entryType - the entry type
 * RETURN:
 *    True if empty, False otherwise
 ***********************************************************/
const bool IndexTree::isAddrPtrEmpty(void* pStruct, const IdxTreeEntryType entryType) const
{
  bool bStatus;
  IdxBitmapPointerEntry* pBitmap;
  IdxBitTestEntry* pBittest;
  IdxEmptyListEntry* pEmptyList;

  switch (entryType)
  {
    case BITMAP_PTR /*EMPTY_PTR*/:  // this is the case for bitmap pointer address
      pBitmap = (IdxBitmapPointerEntry*)pStruct;
      bStatus = /*!pBitmap-&gt;oid &amp;&amp;*/ !pBitmap-&gt;fbo &amp;&amp; !pBitmap-&gt;sbid &amp;&amp; !pBitmap-&gt;entry;
      break;

    case BIT_TEST:  // this is the case for bittest pointer address
      pBittest = (IdxBitTestEntry*)pStruct;
      bStatus = /*!pBittest-&gt;oid &amp;&amp;*/ !pBittest-&gt;fbo &amp;&amp; !pBittest-&gt;sbid &amp;&amp; !pBittest-&gt;entry;
      break;

    case EMPTY_LIST:  // this is the case for bittest pointer address
      pEmptyList = (IdxEmptyListEntry*)pStruct;
      bStatus = !pEmptyList-&gt;fbo &amp;&amp; !pEmptyList-&gt;sbid &amp;&amp; !pEmptyList-&gt;entry;
      break;

    default: bStatus = true;
  }

  return bStatus;
}

const int IndexTree::initIndex(const FID treeFid, const FID listFid)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR;
  long numOfBlock;
  unsigned char writeBuf[BYTE_PER_BLOCK];

  bool oldUseVb = BRMWrapper::getUseVb();
  BRMWrapper::setUseVb(false);

  clear();
  RETURN_ON_ERROR(openIndex(treeFid, listFid));

  memset(writeBuf, 0, BYTE_PER_BLOCK);
  numOfBlock = getFileSize(m_cbTree.file.pFile) / BYTE_PER_BLOCK;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; numOfBlock; i++)
    fwrite(writeBuf, sizeof(writeBuf), 1, m_cbTree.file.pFile);

  numOfBlock = getFileSize(m_cbList.file.pFile) / BYTE_PER_BLOCK;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; numOfBlock; i++)
    fwrite(writeBuf, sizeof(writeBuf), 1, m_cbList.file.pFile);

  // very weird, have to close before we can call free mgr init
  closeIndex();
  RETURN_ON_ERROR(openIndex(treeFid, listFid));

  rc = m_freeMgr.init(m_cbTree, TREE);

  if (rc == NO_ERROR)
    rc = m_freeMgr.init(m_cbList, LIST);

  closeIndex();

  BRMWrapper::setUseVb(oldUseVb);

  if (isDebug(DEBUG_1))
    printf(&quot;\nEnd of the init for oid %d\n&quot;, m_cbTree.file.oid);

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Move tree entries
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    fbo, sbid, entry - pointer address
 *    width - key width
 *    allocCount - the total number of allocated entries
 *    entryMap - the entry availablibility map
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::moveEntry(const uint64_t oldFbo, const uint64_t oldSbid, const uint64_t oldEntry,
                               const int width, const uint64_t newFbo, const uint64_t newSbid,
                               const uint64_t newEntry, const int newGroup, const int allocCount,
                               bool* entryMap, int* moveCount, const int newAllocCount)
{
  int rc, i;
  DataBlock oldBlock, newBlock;
  IdxBitTestEntry curEntry, blankEntry;

  rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;oldBlock, oldFbo, oldSbid, oldEntry, /*width*/ MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                         &amp;curEntry);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;newBlock, newFbo, newSbid, newEntry, /*width*/ MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                         &amp;curEntry);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  setBlankEntry(&amp;blankEntry);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; newAllocCount; i++)
    setSubBlockEntry(newBlock.data, newSbid, newEntry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;blankEntry);

  *moveCount = 0;

  for (i = 0; i &lt; allocCount; i++)
  {
    getSubBlockEntry(oldBlock.data, oldSbid, oldEntry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);

    if (entryMap[i])
    {
      curEntry.group = newGroup;
      setSubBlockEntry(newBlock.data, newSbid, newEntry + *moveCount, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);
      *moveCount = *moveCount + 1;
    }

    setBlankEntry(&amp;curEntry);

    if (newFbo != oldFbo)
      setSubBlockEntry(oldBlock.data, oldSbid, oldEntry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);
    else
      setSubBlockEntry(newBlock.data, oldSbid, oldEntry + i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curEntry);
  }

  rc = writeDBFile(m_cbTree, &amp;newBlock, newFbo);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  if (newFbo != oldFbo)
    rc = writeDBFile(m_cbTree, &amp;oldBlock, oldFbo);

  // reset map
  memset(entryMap, false, ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; *moveCount; i++)
    entryMap[i] = true;

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Open index related files
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    treeFid - the index tree file id
 *    listFid - the index list file id
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::openIndex(const FID treeFid, const FID listFid)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR;
  clear();

  // load index files
#ifdef BROKEN_BY_MULTIPLE_FILES_PER_OID
  m_cbTree.file.pFile = m_fileopTree.openFile(treeFid);
#endif

  if (m_cbTree.file.pFile == NULL)
    return ERR_FILE_OPEN;

#ifdef BROKEN_BY_MULTIPLE_FILES_PER_OID
  m_cbList.file.pFile = m_fileopList.openFile(listFid);
#endif

  if (m_cbList.file.pFile == NULL)
  {
    m_fileopTree.closeFile(m_cbTree.file.pFile);  // close the one just open
    return ERR_FILE_OPEN;
  }

  m_cbTree.file.oid = treeFid;
  m_cbList.file.oid = listFid;

  uint64_t lbid0 = 0;
#ifdef BROKEN_BY_MULTIPLE_FILES_PER_OID
  rc = BRMWrapper::getInstance()-&gt;getBrmInfo(m_cbTree.file.oid, 0, lbid0);
#endif

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
  {
    if (isDebug(DEBUG_1))
    {
      printf(&quot;\nFor oid : %d block zero is %ld&quot;, m_cbTree.file.oid, (long)lbid0);
      printf(&quot;\nIn open index, have problem in get brmInfo, rc=%d&quot;, rc);
    }

    return rc;
  }

  rc = readDBFile(m_cbTree, m_rootBlock.data, lbid0);

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Process index, including search or delete
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - key value
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - row id
 *    listHdrAddr - list header address
 *    bDelete - delete operation flag
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::processIndex(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid,
                                  IdxEmptyListEntry&amp; listHdrAddr, const bool bDelete)
{
  int loopCount, testbitVal, i, allocCount, realCount, matchPos, curFbo, curSbid, curEntry;
  bool bSuccess;
  IdxEmptyListEntry listEntry;
  IdxBitTestEntry bittestEntry, matchBitTestEntry;
  DataBlock curBlock;
  bool bFound, entryMap[ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK];

  int rootTestbitVal, rc = NO_ERROR;
  IdxBitmapPointerEntry bitmapEntry;

  getTestbitValue(key, width, 0, &amp;rootTestbitVal);
  getSubBlockEntry(m_rootBlock.data, 1, rootTestbitVal, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bitmapEntry);

  if (isAddrPtrEmpty(&amp;bitmapEntry, /*EMPTY_PTR*/ BITMAP_PTR))
    return bDelete ? ERR_IDX_LIST_INVALID_DELETE : NOT_FOUND;

  // get the rootbittestEntry level bitmapPointerMap
  curFbo = bitmapEntry.fbo;
  curSbid = bitmapEntry.sbid;
  curEntry = bitmapEntry.entry;

  loopCount = width / 5 + 1;

  for (i = 1; i &lt; loopCount; i++)
  {
    // load the block
    rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, curFbo, curSbid, curEntry, /*width*/ MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                           &amp;bittestEntry);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
    {
      printf(&quot;\nIn processIndex, level %d&quot;, i);
      printSubBlock(curFbo, curSbid);
    }

    rc = getTreeNodeInfo(&amp;curBlock, curSbid, curEntry, width, (IdxTreeGroupType)bittestEntry.group,
                         &amp;allocCount, &amp;realCount, entryMap);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    matchBitTestEntry = bittestEntry;  // assign to the value of the first entry
    bSuccess = getTestbitValue(key, width, i, &amp;testbitVal);

    matchBitTestEntry.bitTest = testbitVal;
    bFound = getTreeMatchEntry(&amp;curBlock, curSbid, curEntry, width, allocCount, entryMap, &amp;matchPos,
                               &amp;matchBitTestEntry);

    if (bFound)  // this test bit exists at the current level
    {
      if (i == loopCount - 1)
      {
        //               if( loopCount == 2 )   // because of bitmap, it requires a special treatment
        curEntry += matchPos;
        break;
      }
    }
    else
      return NOT_FOUND;

    getSubBlockEntry(&amp;curBlock, curSbid, curEntry + matchPos, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;matchBitTestEntry);

    curFbo = matchBitTestEntry.fbo;
    curSbid = matchBitTestEntry.sbid;
    curEntry = matchBitTestEntry.entry;

  }  // end of for( i = 0;

  // here&#039;s the last level
  // load the last piece
  rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, curFbo, curSbid, curEntry /*+ matchPos*/, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                         &amp;bittestEntry);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  listEntry.fbo = bittestEntry.fbo;
  listEntry.sbid = bittestEntry.sbid;
  listEntry.entry = bittestEntry.entry;

  if (bDelete)
  {
    rc = m_listMgr.deleteIndexList(m_cbList, rid, key, &amp;listEntry);

    if (rc != NO_ERROR)
      return rc;

    bSuccess = getTestbitValue(key, width, loopCount - 1, &amp;testbitVal);
    setBittestEntry(&amp;bittestEntry, testbitVal, bittestEntry.group, listEntry.fbo, listEntry.sbid,
                    listEntry.entry, LEAF_LIST);
    setSubBlockEntry(&amp;curBlock, curSbid, curEntry, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

    rc = writeDBFile(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, curFbo);
  }
  else
    listHdrAddr = listEntry;

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Print a sub block
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    fbo - file block offset
 *    sbid - sub block id
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::printSubBlock(const int fbo, const int sbid, const bool bNoZero)
{
  DataBlock curBlock;

  readDBFile(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, fbo);
  printf(&quot;\n lbid=%2d sbid=%2d&quot;, fbo, sbid);
  printMemSubBlock(&amp;curBlock, sbid);
}

void IndexTree::printMemSubBlock(DataBlock* curBlock, const int sbid, const bool bNoZero)
{
  int off;
  unsigned char* curPos;
  IdxBitTestEntry curEntry, testZero;

  setBlankEntry(&amp;testZero);
  curPos = curBlock-&gt;data + BYTE_PER_SUBBLOCK * sbid;
  printf(&quot;\n========================&quot;);

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK; i++)
  {
    memcpy(&amp;curEntry, curPos, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY);
    off = memcmp(&amp;testZero, &amp;curEntry, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY);
    printf(&quot;\n Entry %2d : &quot;, i);

    for (int j = 0; j &lt; MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY; j++)
      printf(&quot; %2X&quot;, *(curPos + j));

    printf(&quot; fbo=%2d sbid=%2d entry=%2d group=%d bit=%2d type=%2d&quot;, (int)curEntry.fbo, (int)curEntry.sbid,
           (int)curEntry.entry, (int)curEntry.group, (int)curEntry.bitTest, (int)curEntry.type);

    curPos += MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY;
  }

  printf(&quot;\n&quot;);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Assign segment from free manager
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    segmentType - group type
 *    assignPtr - the assigned ptr
 *    no - internal debug use flag
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::releaseSegment(int segmentType, IdxEmptyListEntry* myPtr)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR;

  m_rootBlock.dirty = true;

  if (m_useFreeMgr)
  {
    if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
      printf(&quot;\n----------Release the pointer, entry segment=%d fbo=%d sbid=%d entry=%d&quot;, segmentType,
             (int)myPtr-&gt;fbo, (int)myPtr-&gt;sbid, (int)myPtr-&gt;entry);

    rc = m_freeMgr.releaseSegment(m_cbTree, &amp;m_rootBlock, TREE, (IdxTreeGroupType)segmentType,
                                  myPtr /*, TREE */);

    if (isDebug(DEBUG_3))
      printf(&quot;\nReleased&quot;);
  }

  return rc;
}

const int IndexTree::resetIndexFile(const FID treeFid, const FID listFid)
{
  /*      long numOfBlock;
        unsigned char  writeBuf[BYTE_PER_BLOCK];

        memset( writeBuf, 0, BYTE_PER_BLOCK );
        numOfBlock = getFileSize( m_cbTree.file.pFile )/BYTE_PER_BLOCK;
        for( int i = 0; i &lt; numOfBlock; i++ )
           fwrite( writeBuf, sizeof( writeBuf ), 1, m_cbTree.file.pFile );

        numOfBlock = getFileSize( m_cbList.file.pFile )/BYTE_PER_BLOCK;
        for( int i = 0; i &lt; numOfBlock; i++ )
           fwrite( writeBuf, sizeof( writeBuf ), 1, m_cbList.file.pFile );
  */
  return initIndex(treeFid, listFid);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Calculate bit test array for multi column index
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    none
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::calculateBittestArray()
{
  if (m_multiColKey.totalBit &lt;= 0)
    return ERR_INVALID_PARAM;

  m_multiColKey.maxLevel = m_multiColKey.totalBit / 5 + 1;

  if (m_multiColKey.maxLevel &gt; IDX_MAX_MULTI_COL_IDX_LEVEL)
    return ERR_VALUE_OUTOFRANGE;

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; m_multiColKey.maxLevel - 1; i++)
  {
    m_multiColKey.curBitset =
        (m_multiColKey.bitSet &amp; m_multiColKey.curMask) &gt;&gt; (IDX_MAX_MULTI_COL_BIT - (i + 1) * 5);
    m_multiColKey.testbitArray[i] = m_multiColKey.curBitset.to_ulong();
    m_multiColKey.curMask = m_multiColKey.curMask &gt;&gt; 5;
  }

  m_multiColKey.curBitset =
      (m_multiColKey.bitSet &amp; m_multiColKey.curMask) &gt;&gt; (IDX_MAX_MULTI_COL_BIT - m_multiColKey.totalBit);
  m_multiColKey.testbitArray[m_multiColKey.maxLevel - 1] = m_multiColKey.curBitset.to_ulong();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Setup bit test array for multi column index
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    keyArray - index key array
 *    totalByte - total byte in the key
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::setBitsetColumn(void* val, const int pos, const int width, const ColType colType)
{
  int copyLen = width / 8;

  switch (colType)
  {
    // No body is using float or double for indexing
    /*         case WriteEngine::WR_FLOAT :  m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((float*) val);
                                           break;
             case WriteEngine::WR_DOUBLE : m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((double*) val);
                                           break;
    */
    case WriteEngine::WR_CHAR:
      m_multiColKey.curBitset.reset();

      for (int i = 0; i &lt; width / 8; i++)
      {
        uint64_t curChar = ((char*)val)[i];
        m_multiColKey.curBitset = m_multiColKey.curBitset &lt;&lt; 8;
        m_multiColKey.curBitset |= curChar;
      }

      memcpy(m_multiColKey.keyBuf + m_multiColKey.totalBit / 8, (char*)val, copyLen);
      break;

    case WriteEngine::WR_SHORT:
      m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((short*)val);
      memcpy(m_multiColKey.keyBuf + m_multiColKey.totalBit / 8, (short*)val, copyLen);
      break;

    case WriteEngine::WR_BYTE:
      m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((char*)val);
      memcpy(m_multiColKey.keyBuf + m_multiColKey.totalBit / 8, (char*)val, copyLen);
      break;

    case WriteEngine::WR_LONGLONG:
      m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((long long*)val);
      memcpy(m_multiColKey.keyBuf + m_multiColKey.totalBit / 8, (long long*)val, copyLen);
      break;

    case WriteEngine::WR_INT:
    case WriteEngine::WR_MEDINT:
    default:
      memcpy(m_multiColKey.keyBuf + m_multiColKey.totalBit / 8, (int*)val, copyLen);
      m_multiColKey.curBitset = *((int*)val);
      break;
  }

  m_multiColKey.totalBit += width;
  m_multiColKey.curBitset = m_multiColKey.curBitset &lt;&lt; (IDX_MAX_MULTI_COL_BIT - m_multiColKey.totalBit);
  m_multiColKey.bitSet |= m_multiColKey.curBitset;
  return NO_ERROR;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Set bit test entry
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    bittestEntry - the bit test entry
 *    testbitVal - current bit test value
 *    group - entry group
 *    fbo, sbid, entry - pointer address
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::setBittestEntry(IdxBitTestEntry* bittestEntry, const uint64_t testbitVal,
                                const uint64_t group, const uint64_t fbo, const uint64_t sbid,
                                const uint64_t entry, const uint64_t entryType) const
{
  bittestEntry-&gt;type = entryType;
  bittestEntry-&gt;bitTest = testbitVal;
  bittestEntry-&gt;group = group;
  bittestEntry-&gt;bitCompare = BIT_5;
  bittestEntry-&gt;spare = 0;

  bittestEntry-&gt;fbo = fbo;
  bittestEntry-&gt;sbid = sbid;
  bittestEntry-&gt;entry = entry;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Set empty list entry for free manager
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    bittestEntry - the bit test entry
 *    testbitVal - current bit test value
 *    group - entry group
 *    fbo, sbid, entry - pointer address
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
// todo: need test case
void IndexTree::setEmptyListEntry(IdxEmptyListEntry* myEntry, const uint64_t group, const uint64_t fbo,
                                  const uint64_t sbid, const uint64_t entry) const
{
  myEntry-&gt;type = EMPTY_PTR;
  myEntry-&gt;group = group;
  myEntry-&gt;spare = 0;
  myEntry-&gt;spare2 = 0;
  myEntry-&gt;fbo = fbo;
  myEntry-&gt;sbid = sbid;
  myEntry-&gt;entry = entry;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Set the tree header node
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    myTree - tree pointer
 *    key - index key
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - ROW ID
 *    testbitVal - bit test value at root level
 *    bitmapEntry - bitmap entry
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::setTreeHeader(IdxTree* myTree, const uint64_t key, const RID rid, const int width,
                              const int testbitVal, const IdxBitmapPointerEntry bitmapEntry)
{
  IdxBitTestEntry nextEntry, curEntry;

  myTree-&gt;width = width;
  myTree-&gt;key = key;
  myTree-&gt;rid = rid;
  myTree-&gt;maxLevel = (width / 5) + 1;

  setBlankEntry(&amp;nextEntry);
  setBlankEntry(&amp;curEntry);

  //      myEntry.bitTest = testbitVal;
  nextEntry.fbo = bitmapEntry.fbo;
  nextEntry.sbid = bitmapEntry.sbid;
  nextEntry.entry = bitmapEntry.entry;
  nextEntry.type = BIT_TEST;

  //      nextEntry.group = ENTRY_32;

  curEntry.fbo = 0;
  curEntry.sbid = IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO;
  curEntry.entry = testbitVal;
  curEntry.type = BITMAP_PTR;
  curEntry.group = ENTRY_32;
  curEntry.bitTest = testbitVal;

  // at this point useCount not known
  setTreeNode(&amp;myTree-&gt;node[0], 0, ENTRY_PER_SUBBLOCK, 0, testbitVal, nextEntry, curEntry);
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Set the tree node
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    myNode - node pointer
 *    level - current tree level
 *    allocCount - allocated count
 *    useCount - used count
 *    offset - entry offset
 *    nextEntry - next entry
 *    curEntry - current entry
 * RETURN:
 *    none
 ***********************************************************/
void IndexTree::setTreeNode(IdxTreeNode* myNode, const int level, const int allocCount, const int useCount,
                            const int offset, const IdxBitTestEntry nextEntry, const IdxBitTestEntry curEntry)
{
  myNode-&gt;level = level;
  myNode-&gt;allocCount = allocCount;
  myNode-&gt;useCount = useCount;
  myNode-&gt;offset = offset;
  myNode-&gt;next = nextEntry;
  myNode-&gt;current = curEntry;
  myNode-&gt;used = true;
}

const bool IndexTree::isTreeEmpty()
{
  bool bEmpty = true;
  IdxBitmapPointerEntry curBitmapPointer, emptyPointer;

  memset(&amp;emptyPointer, 0, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY);

  for (int i = 0; i &lt; 32; i++)
  {
    getSubBlockEntry(m_rootBlock.data, IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO, i, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;curBitmapPointer);

    if (memcmp(&amp;curBitmapPointer, &amp;emptyPointer, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY))
    {
      bEmpty = false;
      break;
    }
  }

  //      printMemSubBlock( &amp;m_rootBlock, IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO );
  return bEmpty;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Allocate Row ID
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    tableFid - the file id for table bitmap file
 *    totalRow - the total number of rows need to be allocated
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    rowIdArray - allocation of the row id left here
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::updateIndex(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid)
{
  int rootTestbitVal, rc = NO_ERROR;
  IdxBitmapPointerEntry curBitmapPointer;

  clearTree(&amp;m_tree);

  getTestbitValue(key, width, 0, &amp;rootTestbitVal);
  getSubBlockEntry(m_rootBlock.data, IDX_BITMAP_SUBBLOCK_NO, rootTestbitVal, MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY,
                   &amp;curBitmapPointer);

  setTreeHeader(&amp;m_tree, key, rid, width, rootTestbitVal, curBitmapPointer);

  if (m_tree.maxLevel &gt; IDX_MAX_TREE_LEVEL)
    return ERR_VALUE_OUTOFRANGE;

  if (isAddrPtrEmpty(&amp;curBitmapPointer, (IdxTreeEntryType)curBitmapPointer.type))
    rc = buildEmptyIndexTreeBranch(key, width, rid, rootTestbitVal);
  else  // at least we have the root level pointer
    rc = buildExistIndexTreeBranch(key, width, rid, rootTestbitVal, curBitmapPointer);

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Dummy list addr generator
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - index key
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - ROW ID
 *    myEntry - return entry with addr
 *    no - sequence no
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::updateIndexList(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid,
                                     IdxEmptyListEntry* myEntry, const int no, const bool addFlag)
{
  int rc = NO_ERROR;

  if (m_useListMgr)
  {
    // doing something here
    if (!addFlag)  // update list
    {
      if (m_useMultiRid)
        rc = m_listMgr.updateIndexList(m_cbList, m_multiRid, key, myEntry);
      else
        rc = m_listMgr.updateIndexList(m_cbList, rid, key, myEntry);
    }
    else  // add list
    {
      if (m_useMultiRid)
        rc = m_listMgr.addIndexListHdr(m_cbList, m_multiRid, key, myEntry);
      else
        rc = m_listMgr.addIndexListHdr(m_cbList, rid, key, myEntry);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    myEntry-&gt;fbo = 3;
    myEntry-&gt;sbid = 3;
    myEntry-&gt;entry = 3 + no;
  }

  return rc;
}

/***********************************************************
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *    Update the entry in index list file
 * PARAMETERS:
 *    key - index key
 *    width - key width
 *    rid - ROW ID
 *    curLevel - current tree level
 *    group - current group
 *    allocCount - allocated count
 *    useCount - used count
 *    offset - entry offset
 * RETURN:
 *    NO_ERROR if success
 *    error no if fail
 ***********************************************************/
const int IndexTree::updateListFile(const uint64_t key, const int width, const RID rid, const int curLevel,
                                    const uint64_t group, const int allocCount, const int useCount,
                                    const int offset, const bool addFlag)
{
  int rc, testbitVal, parentLevel = curLevel - 1;
  IdxEmptyListEntry listEntry;
  IdxBitTestEntry bittestEntry, curEntry;
  bool bSuccess;
  DataBlock curBlock;

  rc = readSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                         m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry + offset,
                         MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  if (!addFlag)
  {
    listEntry.fbo = bittestEntry.fbo;
    listEntry.sbid = bittestEntry.sbid;
    listEntry.entry = bittestEntry.entry;
  }

  rc = updateIndexList(key, width, rid, &amp;listEntry, curLevel, addFlag);

  if (rc != NO_ERROR)
    return rc;

  bSuccess = getTestbitValue(key, width, curLevel, &amp;testbitVal);
  setBittestEntry(&amp;bittestEntry, testbitVal, group, listEntry.fbo, listEntry.sbid, listEntry.entry,
                  LEAF_LIST);

  rc = writeSubBlockEntry(m_cbTree, &amp;curBlock, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                          m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry + offset,
                          MAX_COLUMN_BOUNDARY, &amp;bittestEntry);

  setBittestEntry(&amp;curEntry, testbitVal, group, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.fbo,
                  m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.sbid, m_tree.node[parentLevel].next.entry, LEAF_LIST);
  setTreeNode(&amp;m_tree.node[curLevel], curLevel, allocCount, useCount, offset, bittestEntry, curEntry);

  return rc;
}

}  // namespace WriteEngine
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